Bad breath is so common in pets that many of us assume it's normal. It usually isn't. More often it's the first sign of plaque and gum problems building up where you can't easily see.
The good news is that a little regular care at home goes a long way, and it doesn't have to be a wrestling match.
What's actually happening
Plaque forms on teeth every day. Left alone, it hardens into tartar, which irritates the gums and can lead to gum disease, pain and tooth loss. Pets are very good at hiding mouth pain, so problems often go unnoticed until they're advanced.
Brushing is still the best thing you can do
Daily is ideal, but brushing a few times a week still makes a real difference. Use a toothpaste made for pets. Human toothpaste isn't meant to be swallowed, and some contain xylitol, which is toxic to dogs.
How to start, one step at a time
- Let them lick a little pet toothpaste off your finger. Most are flavored to be tempting.
- Next session, lift a lip and rub your finger along the outside of a few teeth.
- Then introduce a finger brush or soft pet toothbrush, still with just a few teeth.
- Work up to the outer surfaces of all the teeth, especially the big back ones where tartar builds fastest.
Keep each session short and end with praise. Building this up over a couple of weeks is completely normal.
Dental chews: a helpful extra
Dental chews and treats can help reduce plaque when given regularly, and they're easy to fit into a routine. Treat them as a top-up to brushing, not a replacement. A few tips:
- Look for products with the VOHC seal (Veterinary Oral Health Council), which means they've been reviewed for plaque or tartar control.
- Choose the right size for your dog, and supervise chewing.
- Count chews as part of the day's food so they don't add extra weight.
- Avoid very hard items like bones, antlers and hard nylon. They can crack teeth.
Cats need dental care too
Many cats can learn to accept brushing if you go slowly. If brushing really isn't possible, ask your vet about dental diets and treats made for cats.
Signs to have your vet take a look
- Persistent bad breath.
- Red, swollen or bleeding gums, or brown buildup on the teeth.
- Dropping food, chewing on one side, or pawing at the mouth.
- Drooling, or swelling around the face or jaw.
Your vet can check your pet's teeth at their regular visit and let you know if a professional cleaning is needed.
